When the U.S. unilaterally annexed the Hawaiian Kingdom by a congressional joint resolution during the Spanish-American war, it violated international laws of war. In 1900, the U.S. Congress passes An Act, to establish a civil government to be called the Territory of Hawaii.
Consider for a moment the mindset of nearly every person of Hawaiian nationality in 1900. Their rights abducted, their property confiscated by the very individuals who once swore to defend the kingdom against all enemies. Their queen, tried and imprisoned by foreigners and traitors. Their flag, removed and supplanted with the flag of another. Their language, culture and tradition destined for eradication, struggled to exist under a culture-less foreign government. These are just the obvious realities to consider, as the beleaguered kingdom limped into the twentieth century...